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Avoid the Empty Calories of a High-Conflict Diet                                                            & Focus on the Important Conflicts in Your Life

10/18/2018

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I have bad days when I say the wrong things, think bad thoughts, and feel generally crusty towards the world; on such days, I tend to stir up unnecessary conflicts in my life. We all have these days when we figuratively splurge on our bad conflict habits.

But, despite consuming the “Big Macs” of personal conflict on the bad days, we need to try to avoid the unnecessary conflicts of life on a regular basis because “you just feel better when you do.” When we focus on the essential conflicts, we naturally begin creating the sense of purpose and meaning we desire in our most important personal relationships.

Like with food, we are surrounded by all kinds conflict temptations that will leave us feeling guilty, bloated, and less comfortable than we started with. The unnecessary conflicts of life are like the binge foods that may feel good in the moment, but leave us feeling worse afterwards.

Conflicts—or differences that matter to one or more person—are natural for us. In our society, we are surrounded by all kinds of conflicts, both large and small, as well as the important and unimportant. Of course, we have differences of opinion, taste, temperament, style and so on in our various human relationships. As unique individuals, we will naturally differ from each other. But too often, we spend far too much time and energy dealing with unnecessary conflict in our lives rather than focusing on effectively dealing with the most important conflicts in our lives.

Figuratively, we inhale the Twinkies of bad, fluffy conflict habits when we should focus on the whole grains of human relationships that could create opportunities for innovation, greater human intimacy, and a sense of true human connection.

For example, how much emotional energy do we waste on getting angry with a lame driver during our commute to and from work? Are we gossiping about a co-worker’s bad habits, creating tension in the workplace, while we neglect working through a pressing issue at home?

When you read through these examples of empty calorie conflicts, you may think, “Duh, I already know that!” However, I’m going to ask you to be a little more self-reflective because our cultural habits of “binge” individualism and conflict have become increasingly pervasive.

EMPTY CALORIE CONFLICTS

Personal Physical Habits

Being late
  • Do I have the habit of being late to important events? Do I hold up meetings, family gatherings, or even work phone calls because I am late?
  • What am I willing to change about my scheduling habits to decrease unnecessary conflict?

Forgetting important appointments, events, people’s names, and following up within expected time frames
It may sound silly, but even when I’m running five minutes late for an appointment at the doctor’s or with a friend, I will call. Just 30 seconds of my time seems to lessen the potential for conflict among close and distant associates.

We all know the old adages about returning something borrowed in good time in order to avoid creating conflict with the lender. How often have I held onto something that causes guilt even though it would be simple to return a borrowed item. Many years ago, I borrowed a book from a neighbor—I still have not returned that book, but I think about it often. While the book sat in my drawer, I avoided talking with the neighbor because I felt guilty.

Not exercising
Do I feel lethargic and frumpy in my clothes because I haven’t exercised in weeks? Can I sense that I am overly irritated when others talk about all their 5Ks when I haven’t even gotten on the treadmill this year?

Skipping Meals
I may create conflict simply because I’m hungry. In some ways, I’m no better than a two-year old when it comes to low blood sugar. I know that I need a constant stream of food, so I carry around granola bars in my purse. When staying overnight with friends, I regularly inform them of my funny habit of eating at night. I simply cannot sleep if I am hungry. Usually, I have an extra box of Kind bars in my suitcase just in case I become a shy house guest unable to share my funny habits with others.

Staying up too late so we’re constantly tired
If you’re reading this blog post at night, you should probably just go to sleep. Again, we are no different than young children. When we don’t get enough sleep, we can become super irritable or just plain sleepy. We may not remember conversations very well and speed through our personal relationships simply because we’re tired.

Avoiding taking care of a critical health issue, physical or mental, such as an addiction or source of pain
In our individualistic society, we tend to think that our personal habits just affect us personally, but very simple health issues may affect our loved ones, friends, and acquaintances and fuel unnecessary conflict and dissatisfaction. You can powerfully address personal conflict by addressing critical health—either physical or mental—issues alongside any addictions.

Personal Communication Skills or Habits

There are many personal communication skills and habits that will enhance our relationships with each other and prevent unnecessary conflict. In this post, I focus on just two areas of concern: (1) not listening and (2) unorganized family communication habits. As we focus on these communication essentials, we will slowly gain the motivation to tackle the other larger communication issues we face.

Not listening
Too often, even when we say we’re listening, we’re preparing what we’ll say in response. Instead of connection, we create distance through unhealthy patterns of not listening, especially to our loved ones.
  • Have I really listened to the other person or have I just been figuring out my rebuttal while the other person is talking?
  • Have I interrupted before someone’s finished what they have to say?
  • Am I known for being someone who cuts people off and tries to get in the last word?
  • Have I asked any questions to make sure that I understand what the other person has said?
  • When I disagree with something, do I accuse or blame rather than find out how the other person is thinking and feeling about an issue?
  • Do I suspend my judgment until I’ve heard both sides of the story?

Unorganized Family Communication Habits
With the diversity of family make-ups, personalities, and habits, there are a myriad of topics we could discuss. But, to get you started, I have identified a few key features that pop up in our family life:
  • Lack of a regular sit-down time to discuss calendaring and on-going issues
  • Prioritizing time away from the family without focusing on regular family traditions and patterns for building relationships with each other
  • Neglecting appreciation of those closest to me
  • Not exercising so we feel sluggish and irritated
  • Arguing about family rules when these should be discussed, agreed upon, and even revised
  • Focusing on enforcing our preference or wants rather than basing our requests on real needs

Consuming and Digesting Conflicts Outside of our Control
We are inundated with information about local, national, and international conflicts that are mostly out of our control. We can spend countless hours and emotional energy reviewing and complaining about stressful events both at home and abroad.

Of course, we want to help out how we can, but do spend our energy complaining about the president rather than listening to child who is being bullied at school? When posed that way, it seems so obvious that we should focus on our most important relationships, but it is easy to get sucked in by far-away conflicts. Can we leave the news media conflicts to the side when necessary in order to deal with conflicts at home?

With the Internet and social media, we can easily get side-tracked into thinking about other conflicts beyond our control. We may have a legitimate role to play in addressing wider conflicts, but make sure you take care of your personal relationships first. Set your priorities and guard them closely.

QUESTIONS FOR PERSONAL REFLECTION

I didn’t write this post to give you a all a guilty conscience about how you handle the conflicts in your life. I actually have a generous motivation: spend your time on what matters most and decide to create habits that bring you contentment and connection rather than conflict fatigue.

We can choose to very positively influence the most important relationships in our lives by focusing on the high priority conflicts. When we are honest with ourselves, we can identify what we care about and begin to understand our power to influence the conflicts we encounter in our most important relationships.
 
For example, am I willing to go to bed a little earlier so that I don’t wake up my partner who is already sleeping? Many years ago, during one room-mate pow-wow about sleeping habits in our household of five, twenty-something women in D.C., I remember my roommate asking me, “Do you wear ear plugs?”
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I had been complaining about not being able to sleep because I often heard the footsteps of roommates and guests above my basement bedroom, but I had only been demanding that others change their habits. Now, for about twenty years, I have worn ear plugs nearly every night to bed. A quick solution for a light sleeper like me that demanded a change in a personal habit rather than just a change in the behavior of those around me.

To guide toward a healthier conflict lifestyle, I have developed several questions that I am asking myself these days:

Identify the Empty Calorie Conflicts:
  • Where are the empty calorie conflicts happening in my life?
  • What role do I play in these unnecessary conflicts?
  • What conflicts am I spending the most time on right now?
  • What are the important conflicts in my life that should I be focusing on right now?

Make Personal Adjustments to Conflict Habits
  • How could I adjust my personal habits to create more peaceful relationships with others, especially with those closest to me?
  • What am I willing to change about myself so that I can get along better with others?

FOCUS ON THE WHOLE GRAINS OF CONFLICT: The Conflicts that Matter

Most of us are familiar with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs that outlines in a pyramid form basic human needs beginning with physiological needs like breathing and ascending to the pinnacle of self-actualization. While we may be moving up and down that pyramid based on our personal circumstances, we need to take the time to figure out what personal conflicts matter most.


  • Are these conflicts about personal safety, love or belonging?​
  • Are these particular conflicts the most important to enhancing our closest relationships that we can directly influence?

Speaking in dieting terms, we’re consuming way too many empty conflict calories. Frequently, we are focusing on the more meaningless conflicts in our lives that often reflect selfish personal habits or conflicts that we have no control over. Instead, we will find more peace and connection by focusing on the whole grains of collaborative problem solving in the conflicts that influence our most important relationships.
 
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Helping Others Manage Their Anger:                                                                                  A Nonviolent Communications Perspective

10/11/2018

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​Have you ever said any of the following to someone who’s angry?

“Calm down!”
“Take it easy.”
“You’re overreacting.”
“Hey, don’t take things so seriously.”
“This is not a big deal.”

Generally, these types of statements do not help angry people de-escalate their anger. On the contrary, these kinds of statements may actually make people angrier. When we judge and treat someone else’s anger as trivial and refuse to empathize with the angry person, no one wins; the anger remains as does the unmet need, which sparked the anger in the first place.

Linking Anger with Unmet Needs

From a nonviolent communications perspective, our anger reflects our unmet needs. While in a previous post, I outlined how to manage our own anger, in this post, I will focus on presenting steps from nonviolent communication that we can apply to helping others manage their own anger. We offer our help to others who are angry in order to experience more peace both individually and collectively.

While working with angry social groups in the 1960’s, the late Dr. Marshall Rosenberg first developed the principles of nonviolent communication, which address how to help others work through their own anger. Rather than judge the validity of another’s anger, Rosenberg suggests that we focus on empathically receiving what the other person is experiencing so they can discover themselves what unmet needs have sparked their anger. 
 
Managing Fight or Flight Instincts

Before we review the four specific nonviolent communication steps of helping others manage their anger, we must first address and understand our natural fight or flight instincts when dealing with anger. Through the following personal experience, I will illustrate how I countered my natural fight or flight tendencies when dealing with an angry person. We have very real choices to make in helping others de-escalate and work through their anger in safe environments.

Several years ago, when employed as a manager at a small apartment complex in Northern California, I had to serve a tenant a nasty-gram from the management. While I can’t remember the details of the fine or rebuke from management to the tenant, I clearly remember my encounter with the furious tenant after she had received the negative letter.

Shortly after delivering the letter, I found myself opening my screen door to listen to the angry tenant spew forth a tirade of blame and accusations focused on me although I was merely management’s representative. As she drove into me with fierce words and an aggressive tone of voice, I could literally feel the wave of her hostility enter into my body. In this case, I had to counteract my desire to flee because I had an official post to fill as the apartment manager in residence.

As she vented great frustration, I braced myself physically and emotionally against the sides of my front door and decided to begin listening and asking questions to paraphrase her concerns. As I reflected back her concerns while filtering out her blaming and accusing, she began to slowly relax both her tone and demeanor. Her face mellowed into natural patterns of peace, as did her vocal pitch lessen in strain and tenor as I tried to receive what she had to say without judging her.

After emphatically listening to her frustration and translating her venting into actual unmet needs, we started to communicate as co-humans rather than as enemies to be annihilated. Gradually, I felt the tension release as she recognized the steps she needed to take to speak directly with management about issues unrelated to our relationship with each other at the complex.

At that time, I had not been trained in nonviolent communication principles for managing anger but had experimented and arrived at the same conclusion: while I desired to run away from angry people, I could help angry people find their true needs through structured listening and reframing. This experience cemented my desire to expand my tool set, so I could manage facing others’ anger with a constructive plan.

Without a plan, it is only natural that when we encounter an angry person our natural tendencies of fight or flight kick in. Neurologically speaking, we are wired to “survive” once we encounter ourselves or another in this primal mode of anger. To counter the wave of survival instincts that kick in, we can learn to stay quiet and not make any sudden move to blame or accuse another person when others are angry and still reasonably nonthreatening.

When I opened my front door to find the angry tenant ready to chew me out, I strongly desired to dismiss her and shut the door. Yet, I did not follow my instinct because I had a duty to carry out as the official apartment manager.

We do not always have official duties to carry out, but our willingness to counter fight or flight instincts in situations will benefit our closest relationships where reasonable displays of anger are involved. In safe situations, we can learn to counter our normal fight or flight tendencies to empathetically help others through their anger. 

Warning: There are Natural Dangers When People Are Angry

However, there is good reason that our fight or flight tendencies kick in when others are unreasonably angry, and we are scared. We can be in very real situations of physical, emotional, or other psychological danger when others get angry. So, in sharing these nonviolent principles of helping others through their anger, I am not suggesting that we stick around with angry individuals who can and will hurt us.

As conflict theorists, Hocker and Wilmot explain in their textbook: Interpersonal Conflict, “Verbal abuse leads to escalation or withdrawal, hinders conflict resolution, and lowers the dignity and self-esteem of all parties…When another’s expression of anger, rage, or contempt burns out of control, you have a responsibility to protect yourself.”  

They also suggest that “Listening to belittling; hostile blame; ridicule; demeaning or untrue accusations; sarcastic name-calling; contempt; or actual physical threats is not good conflict management. The other person should be told, firmly and consistently, “I don’t listen to this kind of talk. I can’t hear anything important you’re trying to say when you’re demeaning me.”

When threatened with verbal abuse, we should follow our instincts to protect ourselves. Please follow this link to find both verbal and non-verbal techniques to help defuse others’ anger and interact with an agitated person who may exhibit threatening behavior: http://www.resi-con.com/articles/de-escalation-techniques.html. When possible, we should try to stop the verbal abuse and find safety as soon as possible.

How to Intervene When Someone is Angry

Setting the truly dangerous cases of anger aside, we may encounter situations with both strangers, acquaintances, and loved ones that do not necessitate our escape from the situation. Instead, we need to empathically engage with angry others without expressing blame or criticism. There are very clear and tangible steps we can take to help others manage reasonably unconstructive patterns of expressing anger.  

The Four Steps for Helping Others Manage Their Anger

In nonviolent communication, to help others work through their anger, we focus on the following four steps to uncover unmet needs:
  1. Confirm what the other person observes (see, hear, remember, imagine, free from evaluations) which does not contribute to their well-being
  2. Identify others’ feelings related to their observation(s)
  3. Help others recognize their needs or values related to their feelings
  4. Suggest specific actions that would meet their expressed needs and feelings

First, we help solidify what the other has observed or experienced related to the anger

While, most likely you will verbally express what you heard the other person observe, you may remain quiet during this phase if mere listening is required to be empathetic.

“When you read the letter from management, you….
“When you received the phone call from your boss…”
“When you turned on the news and heard…"

We’re trying to help the angry person pinpoint what observation stimulated the feelings of anger (and an unmet need) that they are currently experiencing.

Second, we help the other identify their personal feelings.

In this second step, we link the person’s expressed observation with a particular feeling that may be much more specific than just “it sounds like you were angry.”

Without wasting energy on blaming or accusing the other person, we help the other person express their own personal feelings. We help them share specific, accurate personal feelings like “I feel overwhelmed” or “I am confused or surprised.” As the listener, we may incorrectly identify the angry person’s main feelings. But, we can gently accept any corrections made to our guesses about the feelings that the angry person may be experiencing.

For example, when I encountered the angry tenant, I said something to the effect of: “It sounds like you were really surprised to receive a letter about this problem instead of just a phone call or a drop by visit.”

During this part of the conversation, I remember the tenant responding in a strong, angry voice with something to this effect: “I wasn’t just surprised. I’m furious that management would send a letter instead of just calling me to talk over the issue.”

The tenant’s comment demanded a further restatement of the observation and the feeling: “It sounds like you are really angry that management chose to send an official letter instead of just reaching out to you by phone to talk over the matter?”

Once, I correctly identified the tenant’s main feelings and the source of her feelings, I could seek confirmation by asking follow-up questions like: “Did I get that right?” or “Is that how you felt?”

The more intense the feelings, the more peeling back of emotions and even more observations we may need to reflect back to help the angry person. Usually we know that we’ve identified their core feelings when some tension has been tangibly released or if there is silence with no more to say on the subject.

But, we have still two more steps to go with understanding the person’s specific needs and helping the person identify ways to meet their unmet needs.

Third, we help the other connect their feelings with a specific need

In search of unmet needs, we now help the other person to connect their expressed observations and feelings with their underlying needs. At this point, as the listener, I may also help move the conversation along by sharing my own personal feelings and empathy so that the angry person doesn’t feel judged or blamed when we’re talking through difficult thoughts and emotions. Naturally, we may all feel vulnerable when revealing our core needs.

Empathizing with the subject of our anger may sound like an unreasonable expectation in the moment. Certainly, we may not be fully capable yet of full empathy in our minds and hearts, but we can imitate constructive behavior as a start. When I braced myself at my front door while the tenant verbally assaulted me, I had to consciously choose an appropriate tone of voice and non-threatening body language to begin the work of uncovering her unmet needs.

In this third step, we may simply ask questions like:
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“What do you think you were needing when you received the letter instead of the phone call?"

If the other person is stumped and unable to identify a need, we may need to gently suggest possibilities. In this case with the tenant, I could have suggested the following:

“Were you needing a phone call because you wanted to feel more respect?” or “Would a phone call have been lower key and met your need to be treated on more friendly terms?”

There are many different ways to turn a phrase, but identifying the need is key to managing the anger. Once we have confirmed which unmet need is feeding the person’s anger, we can turn to seeking means to fulfilling the unmet need(s).

Fourth, we suggest what might help fulfill an identified unmet need

During this phase, we can help the person brainstorm by asking good follow up questions to paraphrase and seek understanding from the person about different possible solutions.

Suggesting a means for fulfilling an identified need may have been as simple as my asking the angry tenant:

“Would you like to talk directly with management about the letter?” or
“Would you like me to schedule a time for you to talk with management about the issue?”

We may simply need to brainstorm together possible solutions with questions like:
“What do you think would meet your need?” or “What possibilities would you consider for meeting your need(s)?”

Given the diversity of needs we each have, no one question will fit each situation, but we can keep things simple by asking questions. Sometimes, there is no immediate way to satisfy the need, but we can empathize with the other person’s desires to have their needs met.

As I mentioned in my last post, these steps to helping others manage their anger through nonviolent communication processes take time and effort to apply in our daily lives. Yet they are worth our greatest efforts both at home, in the community, and across our country. As we help address other’s unmet needs in an empathetic and sincere way, we are being peacemakers. We literally take the time to help others understand the peace they seek, but do not know how to find on their own.

As we connect with who we really are and what we each need, we will find that we are much more alike than we are different. Accessing that common humanity may curb the appeal of turning outward to blame others rather than looking inward to identify and to fulfill our universal needs for connection, belonging, and harmony.

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Managing our Own Anger: A Nonviolent Communications Perspective

10/3/2018

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​I have often heard that anger is merely a secondary emotion, which reflects some deeper emotion like fear. But what if our feelings of anger are valid in and of themselves for reflecting our unmet needs?

For example, just last night, I was so surprised by my sudden outburst of anger while my son tried unsuccessfully to create a password for an algebra self-help website. While the anger—in the form of shouting—leaped from my lips, I had not entered the homework helping situation irritated or angry in any way.  Actually, after moderating a political discussion for the first time at our local library, I had returned home happy enough. I had just not been expecting an intense round of algebra questions past 10 p.m. after a thirty-year lapse in studying slope intercept form.

As my voice rose with shouts of silly things like, “Just make the password!” and “How can this take so long?!” I could see my son’s incredulity at my sudden loss of my cool. I shared his disbelief, but quickly remembered what I had been reading earlier yesterday morning: according to nonviolent communication, anger is a feeling that arises from unmet needs. I quickly turned inward to ask myself the following: what were my unmet needs in that moment? A few unmet needs easily came to mind: sleep, food, algebra advice from an expert, and so on.

This short, recent experience with my son, coupled with recent national politic strife, have influenced my outlook today. I asked myself the following two questions:

(1) What if I chose another way of dealing with anger rather than stifling it until I exploded?
(2) What if each of us got in tune with our feelings enough to understand what our unmet needs are so we could express needs rather than blame, accusation, and punishment towards others?

Responding to patterns of blame, punishment, and domination he experienced while working with angry social groups in the late 1960’s, the late Dr. Marshall Rosenberg first developed the principles of nonviolent communication, which address how to constructively express anger. Rather than stifle our anger, we use anger as a wake-up call about unmet needs in ourselves and others.

In nonviolent communication we use four to five steps to constructively express our anger.

First, we take time to stop and breathe.
We must stop in the moment before the momentum of fight and flight takes place. Neurologically speaking, we are wired to “survive” once we enter into this primal mode of anger. To counter the wave of survival instincts that kick in, we can learn to stay quiet and not make any sudden move to blame or accuse another person when we are angry. We may even need to temporarily remove ourselves from the situation to calm down, breathe, and think.

Second, we identify our judgmental thoughts.
Dr. Rosenberg actually suggests that we stay conscious of the violent thoughts that arise in our minds, without judging them. We exercise restraint in blaming and judging others or ourselves, but learn to translate our judgements, labels, and thoughts of blame about what people “should” do and what they “deserve” into unmet needs.

Third, we connect with our needs and expressly identify them.
We turn our thoughts from thoughts like “I don’t like people who are…..” to “”When I make that judgment of a person, what am I needing and not getting?” Rosenberg talks about framing our thinking in terms of unmet needs rather than in terms of judgments of other people.
As we begin developing the habit of translating our anger into unmet needs, we might even need a pen and paper to write things down. We might need a long walk to fully cool off and digest the fight or flight tendencies we have just experienced.

Fourth, we empathize with the subject/person of our anger.
Of course, I apologized to my son for shouting at him with my silly comments, but I also needed to empathize with his predicament to create a climate for sharing my own feelings and unmet needs. As I shared my own feelings of frustration about not understanding the math immediately, I could make a critical connection with him that soothed both of our feelings.
Empathizing with the subject of our anger may sound like an unreasonable expectation in the moment. Certainly, we may not be fully capable yet of full empathy in our minds and hearts, but we can imitate constructive behavior as a start. Just like smiling helps people feel more positive, calmly requesting insight into the other person’s experiences, thoughts, and feelings—using an appropriate tone of voice and non-threatening body language—can change hostility into a tense peace.
We can exercise restraint and ask good follow up questions to paraphrase and seek understanding from the person who has stimulated (but not caused) anger in us. Rosenberg reminds us that others may be the stimulus but never the cause of our negative reactions. We have to own the responsibility for how we react in anger.

Fifth, we express our feelings and unmet needs.
Without wasting energy on blaming or accusing the other person, we sincerely express our own feelings along with our unmet needs. We share specific, accurate personal feelings like “I feel overwhelmed” or “I am confused or surprised.” We then voice our current unmet needs that may range from largely physical necessities like sleep, air, exercise, or shelter to more complex, social needs like closeness, appreciation, belonging, honesty, love, or respect.
In my case, after I took time to stop, breathe, and evaluate my angry responses to my son’s homework request late at night, I could gently review each judgmental thought that filled my head and gradually replace it with an unmet need:

(a) The judgmental thought: “Why didn’t he ask his sister or dad while I was gone for help with his homework?” “Why did he save this for 10 p.m. with me?”
(b) Expressing my feelings and an unmet need: “I am exhausted and need sleep, will you please talk with your teacher tomorrow to get a better explanation than I can offer right now?”

a) The judgmental thought:” Why didn’t he take better notes in class? Why didn’t he pay attention when the teacher explained it to him?”
(b) Expressing my feelings and unmet need: “I wish that I remembered the slope intercept form better, but I need to have a refreshed mind to help you through all these problems.”

These steps to expressing anger through nonviolent communication processes take time and effort to apply in our daily lives. Yet they are worth our greatest efforts both at home, in the community, and across our country. As we address our own and other’s unmet needs in an empathetic and sincere way, we may slowly see the tide of change across a vast ocean of misunderstanding and hostility.

As we connect with who we really are and what we each need, we will find that we are much more alike than we are different. Accessing that common humanity may curb the appeal of turning outward to blame others rather than looking inward to identify and to fulfill our universal needs for connection, belonging, and harmony.

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    Author:
    Emily de Schweinitz Taylor

    Mediator, Conflict Coach, Speaker, and Author
    Regularly, I will be posting blog reviews and real-life application of universal conflict management skills and strategies.
    Gorgeous photos by tpsdave on Pixabay.

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